انجليزى – unit 12 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

انجليزى – unit 12 للصف الثالث الثانوى 2016

Festivals and folk music 

Vocabulary:

 

celebrate	يحتفل	drum	طبلة
folk (adj. / n)	شعبي / الموسيقي والأغاني الشعبية	landmark	مًعلًم هام / حدث أو اكتشاف مؤثر
mark (v/n)	يُمثل / يحتفل بـ / يكون إيذانا ببدء ..	position	وضع / مكان / مكانة / منزلة / وظيفة / مركز
procession	موكب	distinctive	مُمًيًز وواضح
event	حدث (هام)	evolve	يتطور
fireworks	ألعاب نارية	responsibility	مسئولية
vary	يتنوع / يختلف	harvest	الحصاد / يحصد
drummer	طبال	variety	تنوع / مجموعة منوعة
evolution	التطور	benefits	فوائد
distinction	تميز / اختلاف	festival	مهرجان
folk music	الموسي الشعبية	traditional	تقليدي
a particular style	أسلوب معين	local community	مجتمع محلي
individual	فرد / فردي	entertainment	الترفيه
a special purpose	غرض خاص	Upper Egypt	صعيد مصر
region	منطقة	regional	اقليمي
a common instrument	آلة (موسيقية) شائعة	a line of people	طابور من الناس
stick	عصا	objects	أشياء
the Eiffel Tower	برج إيفل	palace	قصر
royal	ملكي	relatives	أقارب
drumstick	عصا النقر علي الطبلة	clap/clapped	يصفق
traditional music	موسيقي تقليدية	commemorate	يحيي ذكري
feel bored	يشعر بالملل	distinctively	بشكل مميز وواضح
distinguish	يُميِز	distinguished	متميز / بارز
sculptures	تماثيل منحوتة	enormous model	نموذج هائل
well-known	معروف /مشهور	oral tradition	تقليد شفهي
local materials	مواد محلية	child’s development	نمو الطفل
increasingly	بصورة متزايدة	health conditions	الظروف الصحية
mental	عقلي	a fan	مُعجب
a professional musician	موسيقي أو عازف محترف	can’t stand	لا يطيق
the oud	العود	a sports centre	مركز رياضي
relax	يسترخي /يستجم	keep fit	يحافظ علي اللياقة البدنية
gym	صالة الألعاب	driving test	اختبار القيادة
driving licence	رخصة القيادة	efficiently	بكفاءة
sound like	يبدو مثل	a modern process	عملية حديثة
floating gardens	حدائق طافية	nutrients	مواد مغذية
submarine	غواصة	astronaut	رائد فضاء
agriculture	الزراعة	growing crops	زراعة المحاصيل
salt water	مياه مالحة	growers	الزراع
plough	محراث	weaving	النسج
shadouf	الشادوف	papyrus	ورق البردي
collect	يجمع	clay pots	أواني فخارية
a well	بئر	potter	صانع الفخار
evaporate	يتبخر	loom	نول (لصناعةالنسيج)

Prepositions and Expressions:

 

last for	يستمر لمدة	in the same way	بنفس الطريقة
be influenced by	يتأثر بـ	make up songs	يؤلف أغاني
get through their work	ينجزون عملهم	sing babies to sleep	يغني للأطفال لكي يناموا
write down music	يُدون الموسيقي	vary from place to place	يختلف من مكان إلي مكان
evolve into	يتطور إلي	listen to music	يستمع للموسيقي
with this in mind	واضعا ذلك في الاعتبار	it is our responsibility to	إنها مسئوليتنا أن
use music for a purpose	يستخدم الموسيقي لغرض	the main benefits of	الفوائد الرئيسية لـ
look with envy at	ينظر بحسد إلي	in relation to	بالنسبة إلي
distinct from	متميز عن	give out	يوزع
be carved out of	يكون منحوتا من	access to	الحق في دخول أو استخدام أو الحصول علي شيء
throughout the world	في أنحاء العالم	pass from … to	ينتقل من..إلي..
cheer up	يبتهج	walk past	يمر من أمام..
train for the race	يتدرب من أجل السباق	at lunchtime	في وقت الغداء
come up to the surface	يصعد الي السطح	take responsibility for	يتحمل المسئولية عن
be made up of	يتكون من	occupy a volume of	يشغل حجما قدره

 

Words that go together:

score a goal	يسجل هدف	achieve a goal	يحقق هدف (في الحياة)
make a loud noise	يحُدث ضوضاء عالية	get together	يتقابل / يجتمع
irresponsible behaviour	سلوك غير مسئول	a distinctive style	أسلوب متميز
a historical play	مسرحية تاريخية	mark the beginning of	يُمثل بداية ..
music therapy	العلاج بالموسيقي	play an instrument	يعزف علي آلة (موسيقية)
fall asleep	يغلبه النوم	develop new techniques	يُطور أساليب جديدة
a regular supply	إمداد منتظم	make time	يوفر وقت (لعمل شيء)
information technology	تكنولوجيا المعلومات)	high yield crops	محاصيل ذات إنتاجية عالية
decreasing amount	كمية متناقصة	usable land	أرض صالحة للاستخدام
air transport	النقل الجوي	marine transport	النقل البحري
river bed	قاع النهر	mental age	العمر العقلي
birth rate	معدل المواليد	death rate	معدل الوفيات
family planning	تنظيم الأسرة	population explosion	الانفجار السكاني
at the appointed time	في الوقت المحدد	at the present time	في الوقت الحالي

 

Folk music  Listening:

Nabil			Different cultures have different festivals, don’t they?
Nahla			Yes, but nearly all cultures celebrate a good harvest because it means they will have food for the next year.
Nabil			They’re probably the oldest type of festivals, aren’t they?
Tom			Yes, they are. In England most towns and villages have harvest festivals. People take fruit and vegetables to their local church. After the festival. These are given out to the poor.
Nabil		I know that some cultures have special winter festivals, don’t they?
Nahla			Yes, like the Sapporo Snow Festival in Japan
Tom			What happens there?
Nabil			Well, it isn’t an old festival. It began in 1950 when some students made snow Sculptures in a park in Sapporo –that is the capital of Hokkaido, Japan’s second largest island. Now it’s one of Japan’s largest winter festivals. Every year, for seven days in February, thousands of People enjoy looking at the beautiful snow and ice sculptures which may be Famous landmarks. Like the Sphinx, or enormous models of well known buildings.
Tom			Really? That’s very unusual.
Nahla			In China, they have a big festival in winter, too. Chinese New Year’s Day is the most important day of the year.
Nabil			When do they celebrate that?
Nahla			It isn’t the same day every year.
Tom			Why’s that?
Nahla			It depends on the position of the moon, but it’s always between the 21st of January and the 9th of February. I remember watching a TV programme about it.
Nabil			How do people celebrate?
Nahla		Well. Before the holiday, they clean their homes and buy new clothes. Then, people visit their relatives and give presents on the day after New Year’s Day. There is a big procession. There’s loud drum music and there are fireworks.
Nabil		That sounds really interesting. Chinese people all over the world celebrate this, don’t they?
Tom		Yes, they do. Do you have any festivals like this in Egypt?
Nahla		We have Sham El-Nessim .it is a festival to mark the beginning of spring.
Tom		What happens?
Nabil		It’s mainly a day when families spend the day together, usually in the open air. We have a meal of fish with eggs and green onions.
Tom		I really want to see one of these festivals. Many of them have interesting music, too.
Nabil		You should ask your parents to take you.
Tom	Yes, I’ll suggest going to the Sham El-Nessim festival in Egypt next year!

Folk music

in

The same way that cultures have their own festivals, they also have their own traditional folk music: a particular style of music that uses different instruments .Unlike other kinds of music, folk music usually develops in local communities. Even in one country, different areas, cities and villages often have their own distinctive styles. For example, the traditional music of Cairo is different from the music of other parts of Egypt. Distinctive styles developed because, in the past, most people were born and lived their lives in one village or one small area. Music was individual, not influenced by music from other areas.

        Today, most modern music is written as entertainment. Most folk music, however, has a special purpose. Folk songs, for example, were made up to describe important historical events, to help people get through their day’s work, or to sing babies to sleep. Until recent times, folk music was not written down. Children learnt it from their families, friends or neighbours.

        The musical instruments used in folk also vary from place to place. The people of Upper Egypt, for example, often play the rababah, an instrument like a violin; the simsimiyya is the instrument of the Suez area. The oud is common in the folk music of Cairo. It was taken to Europe, where it evolved into a number of modern instruments.

          Today, travel and modern technology have made it possible for anyone to listen to music not just from other areas, but from other cultures around the world. Because of this, distinctive folk music could disappear in future. With this in mind, it is our responsibility to do everything we can to protect the traditional music of our countries, our regions and our communities.

 

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

      Choose the correct answer:

[list=ltr]

[*]

(Fieldwork – Framework – Teamwork – Fireworks)  can be very dangerous, so they shouldn’t be given to young children.

[*]

We scored a goal because the other team’s goalkeeper was in the wrong (position – perfection – prevention – promotion).

[*]

The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the world’s most famous  (landmines – landmarks – landslides – landlords).

[*]

Forty members of our family got together to (accelerate – collaborate – celebrate – concentrate) my grandfather’s birthday.

[*]

If you hit them hard,  (drums – violins – pianos – guitars) make a very loud noise.

[*]

A (succession – recession – procession – commission) of about twenty thousand people moved slowly towards the king’s palace.

[*]

New Year (communications – celebrations – confessions – depressions) in Scotland go on for three days.

[*]

Van Gogh, perhaps Holland’s most (calculated – cancelled – celebrated – captured) artist, died in poverty.

[*]

He became a sporting (celebrity – ability – activity – capability) after winning the gold medal.

[*]

A (dreamer – hammer – mourner – drummer) is someone who plays drums.

[*]

The object you hit a drum with is called a (drumbeat – drum machine – drum set – drumstick).

[*]

A (position – composition – preposition – supposition) is the place where someone or something is  in relation to other things.

[*]

To (start – make – mark – bring) is to show that something is happening, especially an important event or change.

[*]

If something is your (responsibility – rapidity – reliability – relativity), it is your duty to  make sure that it is done.

[*]

(Yolk – Folk – Walk – Chalk) means traditional and typical of the ordinary people who live in a particular area.

[/list]
 

     Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them correctly:

1)    Different areas have distorted styles of folk music.                                                                     distinctive

2)    In the past, music was indivisible, not influenced by music from other areas.                         individual

3)    Today, most modern music is written as enrolment.                                                               entertainment

4)    Folk music uses different musical installments.                                                                           instruments

5)    Most folk music has a special propose.                                                                                              purpose

6)    Today, we can listen to music from other captures around the world.                                           cultures

7)    Mothers sometimes use folk songs to sing their fathers to sleep.                                                     babies

8)    Children teach folk music from their families, friends or neighbours.                                                learn

9)    I accept he will get the job. I know he is very clever.                                                                         expect

10) How do you usually cellophane New Year?                                                                                          celebrate

 

 grammar

  

Verbs + ing 

* الأفعال الآتية يأتي بعدها فعل مضاف له ing:

  

admit	يعترف	resist	يقاوم
avoid	يتجنب	resume	يستأنف
dislike	يكره	put off	يؤجل
enjoy	يستمتع	delay	يؤخر
finish	ينهي	postpone	يؤجل
practise	يمارس	necessitate	يُحتِم / يستلزم
suggest	يقترح	can’t help	لا يستطيع أن يمنع نفسه من
spend (time)	يقضي	fancy	يتخيل
risk	يخاطر	imagine	يتخيل
include	يشمل	complete	يُكمل
miss	يفتقد	deny	ينكر
appreciate	يُقدِر	involve	يتضمن
consider	يفكر في	understand	يفهم
celebrate	يحتفل	endure	يتحمل

 
 

agree	يوافق	threaten	يهدد
arrange	يرتب	swear	يُقسم
decide	يقرر	refuse	يرفض
expect	يتوقع	volunteer	يتطوع
hope	يأمل	prepare	يستعد
learn	يتعلم	decide	يقرر
offer	يعرض	pretend	يتظاهر
plan	يخطط	fail	يفشل
promise	يعد	choose	يختار
seek	يسعي إلي	manage	يتمكن
want	يريد	seem	يبدو
deserve	يستحق	tend	يميل
request	يطلب	wish	يرغب
guarantee	يضمن	determine	يصمم
hesitate	يتردد	hurry	يسرع
prove	يثبت / يبرهن

  

Statrt,   begin,   continue

الأفعال الآتية يأتي بعدهاto + inf. أو فعل مضاف له ing بدون اختلاف في المعني: 

 

hate	يكره	like	يحب
love	يحب	prefer	يفضل

 

* ولكن لاحظ أنه إذا استخدمنا would  قبل الأفعال السابقة فانه يأتي بعدها to + inf.

• I’d like to finish my work early today.                                   

• I’d prefer to drink coffee.

* الأفعال و الظروف الآتية يأتي بعدها inf. فقط بدون to:

had better	ينبغي	would rather	يفضل
let	يسمح	make	يرغم

• She would rather stay at home.

• Let me have a look at that letter.

 

۩ الأفعال الآتية يمكن أن يأتي بعدها 

stop	يتوقف	forget	ينسى
remember	يتذكر	regret	يأسف

 

¨Remember to + infinitive   يتذكر أن يقوم بعمل شيء     

 

  ·He remembered to close the gate. تذكر أن يغلق البوابة.

 

¨Remember  + gerund    يقوم بعمل شيء ثم يتذكر أنه فعله           

 

   ·He remembered seeing the man. = He saw the man and later remembered.

 

¨Forget to + infinitive    (ينسي أن يفعل شيئا (لم يفعله    

 

• Nadia forgot to meet the customer.  = She didn’t meet the customer.

 

¨Forget + gerund   يفعل شيئا ثم ينسي أنه فعله  

 

• Nadia forgot meeting the customer. 

  = She met the customer but then couldn’t remember the occasion.

 

¨Regret to + infinitive    يشعر بالأسف لأن يقول أو يخبر شخص شيئا ما  

 

• He regretted to say that my brother had an accident.

   = He was sorry that it was necessary to say it.

 

¨Regret + gerund      يشعر بالندم علي شيء حدث    

 

• He regretted saying that my brother had an accident.

   = He was sorry that he had said it.

 
 

• Try to open the door.  = See if you can open the door.

• The prisoner tried to escape, but he was caught.

 

¨Try + gerund         (يقوم بعمل شيء ليري نتيجته / يُجرب عمل شيء)

 

A: I have a bad headache.            

B: Try taking an aspirin. = Take an aspirin and see the result.

  

¨Stop to + infinitive      يتوقف لكي يفعل شيئا    

 

• He stopped to read his newspaper.     

   = He stopped what he was doing to read the paper.

 

¨Stop + gerund        يتوقف عن عمل شيء           

• He stopped reading his newspaper. = He had read what he wanted to read.

  
  

 * ينفي الفعل المضاف له  ING   باستخدام  not:

• I apologize for not posting your letter.

  
  

 

Prefer +V-ing+ to + ING

• I prefer using the internet to watching TV.

لاحظ استخدام    v + ing بعد to فى التعبيرات الآتية:                      

 

take to            يعتاد علي	object to          يعترض
be used to           معتاد	look forward to                                  يتطلع إلي
be accustomed to                                معتاد	get round to        يجد الوقت لـ
get used to                        يعتاد علي	in addition to                             بالإضافة إلى
own up to                                        يعترف بـ	contribute to                                  يسهم في
lead to                                           يؤدي إلى	be opposed to                                معارض لـ
due to                                                 بسبب	thanks to             بفضل
owing to                                              بسبب

 

  يستخدم فعل مضاف له ING   بعد التعبيرات الآتية:

 

be busy                مشغول
have difficulty (in)             يجد صعوبة في	It’s a waste of money                مضيعة للمال
It’s no good = It’s no use     لا فائدة من	It’s a waste of time                  مضيعة للوقت
There is no point in        لا فائدة من	Feel like                                         يود/ يريد
Can’t stand                                    لا يحتمل	How about
What about	Don’t mind

 

Examples:

• She has difficulty (in) breathing.

• It’s a waste of money buying that house.

• I feel like having a cold drink.

Exercises on Grammar:

 Choose the correct answer:

1)    They are going home as soon as they have finished (to work – works – working – worked).

2)    They hope (to get – getting – of getting – get) a job they enjoy doing.

3)    I learnt (swim – to swim – swam – to swimming) when I was three years old.

4)    He dislikes (sleeps – slept – to sleeping – sleeping) during the day.

5)    The children enjoyed (to play – with playing – playing – played) in the sea.

6)    He admitted (to borrow – borrow – borrowed – borrowing) my pen without asking me.

7)    The driver of the car (avoided – planned – offered – hoped) hitting the motorbike.

8)    Do you want (coming – came – comes – to come) to my party.

9)    What do you (avoid – plan – finish – practise) to do in the summer?

10)She offered (helping – help – to help – helped) her mother prepare lunch.

11)Ali has decided (studying – studied – of studying – to study) science at university.

12)The boys have arranged (to play – playing – play – plays)football after school.

  

 Language Functions:

Expressing likes	Expressing dislikes
I’m a big fan of …	I’m not keen on …
I prefer …	I don’t enjoy …
I quite like …	I dislike …
I love …	I can’t stand …
I’m mad / crazy about …	I hate / detest …

 

Important Sentences

1. Fireworks can be very dangerous, so they shouldn’t be given to young children.

2. We scored a goal because the other team’s goalkeeper was in the wrong position.

3. The Eiffel Tower in Paris is one of the world’s most famous landmarks.

4. Forty members of our family got together to celebrate my grandfather’s birthday.

5. If you hit them hard, drums make a very loud noise.

6. A procession of about twenty thousand people moved slowly towards the king’s palace.

7. Young people are responsible for protecting their country’s folk music.

8. It is irresponsible to drive dangerously especially in towns or cities.

9. The evolution of the internet has taken place over the last twenty years.

10. Our local university offers a variety of language courses.

11. You can buy this shirt in various colours.

12. I don’t understand the distinction between who and which.

13. The fireworks lit up the sky on the day the president stepped down.

14. We’re celebrating my brother’s birthday next week.

15. The accused man was released as he was innocent.

16. In some countries, people celebrate the end of the year on Dec.31^st.

17. In our town, there are musicians who play folk music.

18. Whose responsibility is it to make sure children arrive safely at school?

19. Ginger has a very distinctive taste. It is hotter than most spices.

20. The beginning of Ramadan depends on the position of the moon.

21. Sham El-Nessim is a festival to mark the beginning of spring.

22. A procession is a line of people moving slowly.

23. The oud was taken to Europe where it evolved.

24. There is a great evolution of musical instuments.

25. If I were you, I’d avoid travelling into the city during the festival.

26. My parents suggested going to the theatre.

27. I really want to go-went to Hong Kong for the Chinese New Year.

28. Before you go to London, you should practise speaking English.

29. I expect to pass my driving test when I take it next year.

30. My friend’s parents have invited me to go on holiday with them.

31. The best writers force their readers to think about serious questions.

32. The best writers force their readers to think about serious questions.

33. Shereen forgot to buy eggs at the supermarket when she was there.

34. My sister promised to meet me after school this afternoon.

35. My friend suggested going for a picnic in the park.

36. We’re planning to fly to Europe for our holiday next year.

37. I remember seeing your glasses on the table. Look for them there.

38. He practises playing the guitar every day.

39. When they came to a cafeteria, they stopped to eat.

40. We must stop using up non-renewable sources of energy.

41. When the children stopped singing, everyone clapped. They liked the song very much.

42. They expect thousands of people to visit Sapporo for the Snow Festival next year.

43. My brother is learning to play the oud.

44. He was accustomed to eating  a lot of sweets when he was a child.

45. Different cultures have different festivals, don’t they?

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